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STONES AND THEIR CLASSFICATION


Image result for stone
- BUILDING STONES WHICH ARE OBTAINED FROM NATURAL ROCKS ARE MOST DURABLE AND ALSO LEAST EXPENSIVE OF ALL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.

- ROCK IS THE NAME USED TO INDICATE A SOLID PORTION OF THE EARTH CRUST

-ROCKS HAVE ONE OR MORE MINERALS . ROCKS HAVING ONLY ONE MINERAL IS CALLED MONO-MINERALIC ROCK AND THOSE HAVING MANY ARE CALLED POLY MINERALIC ROCKS.

ROCKS ARE CLASSFIED INTO 3 TYPES

A.GEOLOGICAL 
B.PHYSICAL
C.CHEMICAL

A .GEOLOGICAL ROCKS ARE OF 3 TYPES

1. IGNEOUS ROCK
2. SEDIMENTRY ROCK
3. METAMORPHIC ROCK

IGNEOUS ROCKS : ROCKS WHICH ARE FORMED BY COOLING OF MAGMA ARE                                                   CALLED IGNEOUS ROCKS.

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS : ROCKS FORMED BY GRADUAL DEPOSITION OF WEATHERING                                                PRODUCTS DUE TO PRE-EXISTING ROCKS ON THE SURFACE                                                  OF THE EARTH..

METAMORPHIC ROCKS : ROCKS FORMED DUE TO ALTERATION OF PRE-EXISTING                                                         ROCKS. IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ARE                                                                     CHANGED  IN CHARACTER WHEN THEY ARE SUBJECTED TO                                                  GREAT HEAT PRESSURE OR BOTH

B .PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION

1. STRATIFED ROCKS
2. UNSTRATIFED ROCKS
3.FOLIATED ROCKS


STRATIFED ROCKS : SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ARE STRATIFED ROCKS 

UNSTRATIFED ROCKS : IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE UN STRATIFED ROCKS

FOLIATED ROCKS : METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE FOLIATED ROCKS.

C .CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION 

1. SILICIOUS ROCKS
2. ARGILLACEOUS ROCKS
3. CALCAREOUS ROCKS

SILICIOUS ROCKS : IT CONTAINS SILICA . THESE ROCKS ARE HARD AND DURABLE.

ARGILLACEOUS ROCKS : IT CONTAINS CLAY. THESE ARE BRITTLE BUT HARD AND                                                        DURABLE.

CALCAREOUS ROCKS : IT CONTAINS CALCIUM CARBONATE. LIME STONE , MARBLE,

30X60 NORTH EAST FACING HOUSE

THIS IS 30X60 NORTH EAST FACING HOUSE PLAN 

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

THERE ARE 6 SHOPS 
2 SINGLE ROOMS WITH ATTACHED BATHRROM
IT IOS HAVING A CARPARKING

FIRST FLOOR

EACH UNIT IS MADE ACCORDING TO VASTU

LIVING ROOM IN NORTH-EAST
KITCHEN IN SOUTH-EAST
MASTER BEDROOM IN SOUTH-WEST
BEDROOM IN SOUTH-EAST
BATHROOMS IN SOUTH

IT IS HAVING
2BHK -1 UNIT
1BHK -2 UNIT






20X40 WEST FACING DUPLEX HOUSE PLAN



GROUND FLOOR

LIVING ROOM IN NORTH-EAST

KITCHEN IN SOUTH-EAST
BEDROOM IN SOUTH-WEST
BATHROOM IN SOUTH
STAIRCASE IN SOUTH-WEST DIRECTION
COMPLETELY ACORDING TO VASTU.

FIRST FLOOR



FAMILY ROOM
MASTER BEDROOM IN SOUTH-WEST
BEDROOM IN SOUTH EAST
BATHROOM IN WEST
COMPLETELY ACORDING TO VASTU.


40X60 APARTMENT PLAN

THIS IS 40 X 60 WEST FACING SITE

HERE THE GROUND FLOOR WILL BE KEEPT FOR PARKING
THE FIRST AND SUBSQEQUENT FLOORS WILL HAVE 2 UNITS

EACH UNIT IS MADE ACCORDING TO VASTU

LIVING ROOM IN NORTH-EAST
KITCHEN IN SOUTH-EAST
MASTER BEDROOM IN SOUTH-WEST
BEDROOM IN SOUTH-EAST
BATHROOMS IN SOUTH

EACH UNIT HAS 2 BALCONY AND 1 UTILITY POOJA ROOM



BUILDING INSURANCE







Types of home insurance in India

To meet the varied needs of each individual client, the major insurance companies and banks in India offer a wide range of insurance policies for the home. These varied types of home insurance policies help clients understand the need for home insurance and choose the right policy according to their requirements. The main and most popular types of home insurance policies offered in India have been included holistically.

Standard fire and special hazards policy
Offered by each leading insurance company, as suggested by the name of the policy, it provides coverage against certain special hazards and fire outbreaks. This coverage can be purchased by the owners of the houses (for their own house) and also by the tenants who reside in a rented house. The sum insured, for this policy, is calculated as Building - Cost of reconstruction (excluding the value of the land). A standard policy against fire and special risks covers the insured home against losses and damages caused by the following causes:

Natural calamities such as lightning, fires, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, forest fires, earthquakes, storms, floods.
Damage caused by explosion / implosion, antisocial activities done by man such as strikes, riots, damage caused by malicious intentions
Damage caused by direct rail / road contact, vehicle. The damages caused by the insured house, with its own vehicle, are not included in this coverage.
Damage caused by the explosion or overflow of water tanks, pipes and appliances.
Subsidence including landslides and landslides
Missile test operations
Damages caused by leaks in automatic sprinkler installations

Structure of home / construction insurance
This type of home insurance covers the structure of your home from any type of hazards and risks. In addition to this, the policy also protects permanent fixtures inside the house. This includes the accessories of your kitchen and bathroom, and also the roof / ceiling of the house insured. Some houses have garages, a room / house in the open air or sheds. This type of insurance generally also extends to these structures.

Liability coverage
If any guest or third party experiences damage caused to them or their property within the insured's home, this type of home insurance policy provides coverage against it.

Personal accident
This insurance covers you and your family. Compensation is granted in case of permanent disability or death of the insured person due to accidental or physical injury, even if it has occurred anywhere in the world.

Theft and robbery
In the event of theft or theft in the insured house, if any valuable content is stolen or damaged, the policy covers you.

Content insurance
It is not only the house, what you have insured, but also the content inside the house in which you would have spent a great amount of time and money deserve equal protection. This type of home insurance policy protects the assets within your home against damages and losses due to theft, fire, flood and other similar mishaps. Your documents, portable equipment, jewelry, TV, refrigerator, etc. they are covered. It helps when you have to replace the interior of the house if your house is flooded, or it has burned to ashes due to a fire.

Renters insurance
As a tenant, I would obviously have rented a house or a flat. In that case, it is the smartest option not to opt for a building envelope, instead, it should focus completely on protecting its contents. This type of insurance is a must for each tenant. Although you live in a rented house, it is very much yours, at least, until the moment you reside in it.

Homeowners insurance
As the owner, the maintenance and maintenance of the building / apartment / structure of the house (which you are renting) are clearly your responsibility. A standard building insurance policy is generally not designed solely for the owners' need, because there are also other residents who live in the building. As the owner, you need something specifically designed for the owners. Therefore, an owner's insurance policy is ideal for you and also covers aspects such as loss of rent and public responsibility.

What is not covered?
Destruction of property voluntarily.
Property damage due to attrition.
Loss to property due to war.
Loss to unoccupied property for more than a certain specified period.
Money in the form of cash, antiques and collectibles.

PROPERTY / BUILDING VALUATION


PROPERTY / BUILDING  VALUATION :





Valuation is a method for estimating the current value or price of the property such as a factory, Plot, Flat in an apartment, house or any building etc. there are many factors involved in estimating the current price or valuation of building like Location of the building, Income or rent it may fetch, maintenance of the building, etc. The value may also depend upon the supply on demand and the purpose which valuation is required.
The property must be valuated by considering the below factors:-
1.        Market
2.        Location
3.        Condition
4.        Age
5.        Neighborhood

Difference between Cost and Value of the building:

There is a significant difference between Cost & Value of building. Cost of Building refers to the “original cost of construction or Purchase” whereas Value refers to the current value of Structure. The price of the cost is fixed  but the “Value” may changes as per market it may go higher or lower than the original cost.
The Selling Price of the building - is called Value of the building.
Different purposes of House Valuation or Valuation of building:-
The main purpose of valuation of the building is to know the selling price of the structure. Also, there are other purposes which we are going to discuss below.


Different purposes of House Valuation or Property Valuation: 

Buying  / Selling:

When someone buys the property or sells the property the building valuation is required.

Fixation of rent:

In order to determine the rent of property valuation is required. There are many factors involved in determining the Rent value. Usually, 6-10% of the amount of valuation is fixed as Rent value.

Taxation:

To determine the tax of the property its valuation is required. There are many taxes that are connected with the valuation of building like the Municipal tax, Property tax, wealth tax etc.

Compulsory acquisition:

Whenever the land or a building is acquired by government or law, compensation is paid to the owner by determining the value of the building. Example: land acquisition during the construction of road , metro train railways , high way etc..

 For loans:

When loans are taken against the  property valuation is done. This type of valuation is determined by bank officials.

 Building Insurance:

In order to find out the Insurance amount, the valuation of the property is require.

15' X 30' HOUSE PLAN



THIS IS A 15'X30' HERE I HAVE MADE 3 FLOORS IN GROUND FLOOR THERE IS GARAGE , STUDY AND UTILITY

IN FIRST FLOOR I HAVE MADE A LIVING ROOM KITCHEN AND DINNING AND KITCHEN IS HAVING A UTILITY AND THERE IS BALCONY IN IT.

IN SECOND FLOOR I HAVE MADE TWO BEDROOMS AND COMMON BATH ROOM

30x40 NORTH FACING HOUSE PLAN

This is 30x40 north facing house plan
- there are 2 house here
- one 2 bhk house and one 1 bhk house
- it is having a car parking space
- in 2bhk there is 2 attached toilet , 2 bed     rooms , kitchen , dinning and living room.
- in 1 bhk house there is 1 bedroom , 1 kitchen, 1 bathroom , living room.

60x40 HOUSE PLAN

THIS IS 60X40 HOUSE 
3 BEDROOMS
3 BATH
STUDY
FULLY MARDEN DESING


800 SQFT EAST FACING HOUSE PLAN FOR RENTAL PURPOSE


THIS IS A EAST FACING ODD SITE
OF 825 SQFT
THE DIMENSION OF THE PROPERTY IS
NORTH TO SOUTH ON WEST SIDE  = 50'
EAST TO WEST ON NORTH SIDE     = 20'
EAST TO WEST IN SOUTH SIDE       =13'
EAST BY =ROAD


this house is for rental purpose

GROUND FLOOR





EACH UNIT HAS
PARKING
LIVING ROOM IN NORTH-EAST
KITCHEN IN NORTH-WEST
MASTER BEDROOM IN SOUTH-WEST
BATHROOM IN WEST
COMPLETELY ACORDING TO VASTU.





 FIRST FLOOR

2 UNIT OF 1BHK

LIVING ROOM IN NORTH-EAST
KITCHEN IN NORTH-WEST
MASTER BEDROOM IN SOUTH-WEST
BATHROOM IN WEST
COMPLETELY ACORDING TO VASTU.



20 X 40 WEST FACING HOUSE PLAN FOR SELF AND RENTAL

THIS IS A WEST FACING HOUSE PLAN OF DIMENSION 20'X36'

GROUND FLOOR

THERE IS A SINGLE BEDROOM HOUSE
HAS ONE LIVING,ONE BEDROOM,BATHROOM,KITCHEN.
EACH UNIT HAS
LIVING ROOM IN NORTH-EAST
KITCHEN IN SOUTH-EAST
MASTER BEDROOM IN SOUTH-WEST
BEDROOM IN NORTH-WEST
BATHROOM IN WEST
STAIRCASE IN SOUTH-EAST DIRECTION
SHOP
PARKING
COMPLETELY ACORDING TO VASTU.




FIRST FLOOR

THERE IS A DOUBLE BEDROOM HOUSE
HAS ONE LIVING,TWO BEDROOM, TWO BATHROOM,KITCHEN & BALCONY.
EACH UNIT HAS
LIVING ROOM IN NORTH-EAST
KITCHEN IN SOUTH-EAST
MASTER BEDROOM IN SOUTH-WEST
BEDROOM IN NORTH-WEST
BATHROOM IN WEST
STAIRCASE IN SOUTH-EAST DIRECTION
COMPLETELY ACORDING TO VASTU.


 SECOND FLOOR

THERE ARE 2 UNITS
THERE IS A SINGLE BEDROOM HOUSE
HAS ONE LIVING,ONE BEDROOM,BATHROOM,KITCHEN.
EACH UNIT HAS
LIVING ROOM IN NORTH-EAST
KITCHEN IN SOUTH-EAST
MASTER BEDROOM IN SOUTH-WEST
BEDROOM IN NORTH-WEST
BATHROOM IN WEST
STAIRCASE IN SOUTH-EAST DIRECTION
COMPLETELY ACORDING TO VASTU.





TRANSFER OF PROPERTY

LAW OF TRANSFER

We own agricluture lands, houses, house sites, gardens, forest, radio, television set etc. How do we become the owners of these properties? The ownership to immovable properties can be acquired in four ways known to law.
They are
 (i) grant,
 (ii) succession,
 (iii) Law of prescrtption
(iv) conveyance.

Firstly, the government owning the  properties can assign the land to a person by issuing land and thus making the person as owner. It is called the acquisition of ownership by grant.

It is governed by the Government Grants Act, 1895. Secondly, if 'A' is the ortginal owner of the immovable property and if he dies intestate his heirs will become the owner of his properties or if he dies leaving the will the legatees will become the owners of properties. It is called the acquisition of ownership under the law of succession.

 The law of this subject is governed by law of succession and Testamentary Succession namely Indian Succession Act and Personal laws like Hindu Succession Act. and Mohanmmedan law of Succession etc

Thirdly if 'A' is the owner of land but 'B' trespassed into the land and was in adverse possession for more than 12 years. 'B' will become the owner of the land on the expiry of 12th year and 'A's title will be extinguished. It is called the acquisition  of owenership by prescrtption.

This subject is covered by the law of limitation that is Indian Limitation Act, 1963. Fourthly if 'A' is the owner of a property, he can execute a document called conveyance in favour of 'B' transferrtng his title to 'B' then 'B' will become the owner of the property. It is called acquisition of ownership by conveyance.

 History of law of transfer

In India, the law of transfer inter vivos is cmrered by Transfer of Property Act 1882. This Act came into force on 1-7-1882 and it applies to India.

 Under Mohammedan law a Mohammedan may settle property in perpetuity for the benefit of his descendants provided there is an ultimate gift in favour of Charity. As per Section 13 and 14 of Transfer of Property Act are against those provisions of Mohammedan law.

Transfer of Property Act will not apply for such a settlement and Mohammedan law will govern. The Mohammedan law of gift is expressly saved by Section 129 of Transfer of Property Act. Hence for a Mohammeda gift no writing is necessary, but delivery of possession is essential.

Transfer of Property Act, 1882 This Act applies both to immovable and movable and also to tangible and intangible properties.

But all Sections of the Act do not apply to all of them. Sections 5 to 37 and 118 to 137 apply for both movable and immovable properties. Sections 38 to 117 apply to immovable properties alone.This Act deals with General principles of transfer in Sections 5 to 53-A, sale of immovable properties in Sections ' 54 to 57, Mortgage of immovable properties and charges in Sections 58 to 104, lease of immovable properties in Sections 105 to 117, Exchange of movables and immovable in Sections 118 to 121, gift of movable and immovable properties. in Sections 122 to 129 and transfer of actionable claim in Sections 130 to 137. Hence sale of movable properties is not governed by this Act, but by the Sale of goods Act and Pledge of movable is governed by Contract Act.





EAST FACING ODD SITE HOUSE PLAN

THIS IS EAST FACING ODD SITE

WITH DIMENSIONS
NORTH TO SOUTH : 50'
EAST TO WEST ON SOUTH SIDE 13'
EAST TO WEST ON NORTH SIDE 20'
TOTAL OF 825 SQFT

HERE I HAVE MADE A 2 BHK HOUSE PLAN
WITH SETBACK ALL AROUND OF 1'6" ON ALL THREE SIDES
IN THE FRONT I HAVE TAKEN TO ROAD IN SUCH A WAY THAT ALL ROOMS IN THE HOUSE COMES EITHER IN SQUARE OR RECTANGLE FORM

THE MAIN DOOR IS PLACED TO NORTH FACING
MASTER BED IS IN SOUTH WEST
BATH ROOMS ARE IN WEST
BEDROOM IS IN WEST
LIVING ROOM IS IN CENTRE OF EAST
KITCHEN IS IN NORTH WEST SIDE

BECAUSE OF THE ODD SITE AND SPACE CONSTRAIN I HAVE MADE IT IN THIS FORM.